In Nomine Dei Misericordis, Misericordiae, Amen.
Praise be to God, the Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon our master Muhammad the Trustworthy, and to proceed:
As the venerable Al-Nasafi said, thus do the people of truth assert:
The realities of things are constant, and knowledge of them is ascertained contrary to the Sophists' claims.
There are three sources of knowledge for creation: sound senses, truthful reports, and reason.
The senses are five: hearing, sight,...